After one of the strangest run-ups to launch in smartphone history, the Microsoft Surface Duo is here. Microsoft’s first-ever Android phone (sorry, we’re not counting the Nokia X) was announced and demoed an entire year before its release, hinting at what a long and winding road the Surface Duo took from inception to shipping. The hardware apparently dates back to plans to revitalize Windows for phones, but after that plan fell through, the hardware was upcycled into the most head-scratching Android phone of the year.

The Surface Duo sales pitch is that foldable display technology isn’t ready yet, so try this best-we-can-do-right-now version that features two rigid, 5.6-inch OLED displays attached together with a 360 hinge. Microsoft is calling this a “productivity” device thanks to it having the side-by-side app capability of a tablet-style foldable smartphone without any of the janky display technology. Microsoft’s website also says the Duo was designed to “inspire people to rethink how they want to use the device in their pocket,” indicating that the company definitely sees this as a primary device.

I bring up Microsoft’s sales pitch because, boy, is the Surface Duo bad at doing the things Microsoft says it’s supposed to be good at. The phone feels like it was made without any respect to ergonomics, hand size, pocket-size, or anything that makes a good Android phone. It has crippling productivity problems that negate any benefit you could get from the two-screen design, it’s extremely awkward in day-to-day use, and it’s very buggy. The phone is missing a whole host of features you would expect for the stratospheric $1400 asking price, and even the hardware that is here seems like it’s a least a year old.

The Surface Duo feels like a phone that was slapped together without a plan, and the reports of the phone’s history indicate that’s what actually happened. We would like to gently welcome Microsoft to the Android ecosystem, but we are not grading $1400 smartphones on a curve. Microsoft needed to knock this out of the park. Instead, the company turned in a borderline incompetent smartphone that I really had to force myself to use during the review period.

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At least it’s very pretty

The main thing the Surface Duo has going for it is that it is very pretty. It’s a minimalist glass sandwich with a sophisticated pearl white and chrome color scheme that is just a pleasure to look at. The phone is absolutely cracker-thin, and along with the Moto Razr, it’s one of the rare foldable smartphones that doesn’t look like an ugly brick. If you’ve got two free hands, there’s something very comfy about holding the Duo in book mode and just casually flipping through something. The shock and awe of Microsoft’s design language is probably enough to make some people fall in love with the device and ignore all its other faults. I mean, not me, of course, but some people.

The word that most comes to mind when describing the Surface Duo is “flat.” The body of the phone is not perfectly flat, but it’s uninterrupted sheets of glass on the front and back of both halves. There’s no camera bump, no curved sides, just four sheets of glass. When closed up, the outside of the phone also gives off a minimalist look with no lights, cameras, or wordmarks, just a single, reflective Windows logo Microsoft logo. The Surface Duo almost doesn’t look like it’s an electronic device. You could easily make a Moleskine notebook that looks just like a Surface Duo. In fact, I’d bet a Moleskine is where a Microsoft got the dimensions for the Surface Duo. The “Pocket” version of the little notebook is 140mm x 90mm, while a Surface Duo is 145.2mm × 93.3mm when closed.

Crack open the Duo and you’ll find a series of strange decisions. First there’s the two 60Hz 5.6-inch displays with a 4:3 aspect ratio, so they are way wider and way shorter than most other Android displays. Next you’ll find some comically huge bezels on the top and bottom of the phone, which really ruins the “digital Moleskine” vibe the device gives off from the outside. It’s not really clear why the bezels are so large. We certainly have the technology to make them much, much thinner, and as we’ll get into later, the short, fat 4:3 displays would greatly benefit from the extra height. I’ll guess that this is one of the Surface Duo’s many concessions to thinness.

Pretty much all the phone bits on the right half of the device. On the bottom edge of the right half, you’ll see the USB-C port, on the right edge there’s the sim tray, a volume rocker, power button, and an ultra-skinny side-mounted fingerprint reader. The right half handles phone call duty, with an earpiece in the top bezel and a microphone slot on the bottom. The internals mirror this layout, too: all the phone chips are in the right half of the phone, while the left half is almost all battery. The only thing on the left side besides another screen is the phone’s only media speaker, which exits via a slot in the top of the display glass. With a mono speaker, no headphone jack, and a wonky 4:3 display, the Surface Duo is not exactly a media machine.

You’ll find the only camera hardware in the right side’s top bezel: an LED flash sits next to a terrible 12MP sensor with a very cheap looking pinhole lens. The 360 hinge allows this to double as both the selfie camera and the main camera, which is clever. But in a device as thin as the Surface Duo, the camera never had a shot at being good. Most phones need additional thickness to squeeze in a quality camera sensor (the camera bump), and today most smartphone camera sensors are thicker than the entire 4.8mm body of the Surface Duo.

There is not a market for camera sensors that fit into this thin of a profile, so Microsoft probably really had to dig through the industry parts bin and settle for anything that would fit. We know Microsoft kicked around a few ideas to try to fix this. One early Surface Duo prototype has a camera bump on the rear of one half of the device, with a divot on the other half so the phone can still fold flat. The company also has a patent for a camera lens that would fit into a thin profile and then grow taller when it was in use, like an old-school point-and-shoot. In the end, we got no camera bumps and no fancy camera tech, just a thin, smooth device and a compromised camera.

The Surface Duo hinge feels exactly like a laptop hinge. It’s stiff enough to stay wherever you put it but still easy to move around. Like a laptop hinge, there is continuous resistance throughout the entire movement with really no assist at all, so you won’t be flipping the phone open or closed, and you’ll always need two hands to open the phone. The hinge folds all the way around, so you can turn your dual-screen phone into a single screen by folding one display all the way back. It’s easy to switch sides in this mode, too—just double tap on the display you want to light up. You can do whatever you want with the hinge: hold the phone like a book, flatten the phone out against a table, prop it up like a tent, or turn it into a mini laptop.

One amazing thing about the hinge mechanism is that there’s no padding of any kind for when you close it, yet the closing process still feels safe, soft, and gentle. The Galaxy Fold and Moto Razr have either rubber feet or a big plastic bezel to protect the screen from being slammed closed. On the Surface Duo, there are no bumpers at all, so closing it means you are pressing one slab of glass against another. You might expect to hear a shattering noise after an enthusiastic close, but it feels like the hinge is doing some cushioning work, and you never feel like you have to be gentle closing the phone.

Microsoft went all out to make the Surface Duo as thin as humanly possible. If you measure the Surface Duo when it’s open, it qualifies as one of the thinnest smartphones of all time at just 4.8mm thick. You’d have to go back to the thinness craze of the mid-2010s to find anything as paper-thin as the Surface Duo—the 4.75mm thick Vivo X5Max, which I think still holds the title of “world’s thinnest smartphone.” (It even had a headphone jack!) The Surface Duo might be the world’s second thinnest smartphone, or maybe even #1, since it doesn’t have a camera bump like the Vivo X5Max.

The internals of this phone are really incredible and show Microsoft pulled out all the stops to get as thin as possible. In a normal, modern smartphone, the goal is to reduce the motherboard area for a bigger battery, and manufacturers have started constructing motherboards like a multi-story house. Not only does a single board have chips on the top and bottom side, manufacturers have started stacking up multiple layers of circuit board. Something like an iPhone 11 has three planes of chips. The bottom has a single-sided board that can be pressed against the back of the case, then a double-sided board is stacked on top of that. The Surface Duo is the complete opposite: It has a massively large motherboard that is actually single sided. Every single chip is on one side of the board, and the backside is flat, reducing the height as much as possible.

While the push for thinness in the mid-2010s was a pointless gimmick, for foldables, thinness is a major factor for portability. This thing has to go in your pocket, after all. Folding in half means it grows to double the thickness. However, Microsoft’s obsession with thinness means the phone is still only a svelte 9.9 mm when it’s folded up, which is still only on the high-end of normal smartphone thickness. Staying in the realm of smartphone thickness is a nice improvement over the brick-like form factor of some other foldables. The Galaxy Z Fold 2, which made no concessions for thinness, is 16.8mm when it’s folded up—that’s basically two normal smartphones stacked on top of each other.

Microsoft did not quite think out how the thinness of the device would clash with its material choices, though. The sides of the device are plastic, and while it looks and feels fine, thin plastic isn’t very strong. Everything is fine until you get to the USB-C port, which, since the port is almost as thick as the entire phone, has only the tiniest sliver of plastic surrounding it. It’s alarming how much you can move the plastic just by pushing it with your finger. There are already reports of the plastic around the USB-C port cracking and breaking off, and I have no doubt I could snap it with my finger. Half a millimeter of plastic (I measured) isn’t sturdy enough for anything, let alone a high-stress point like the USB-C port. Did I mention yet that there’s no wireless charging?

One odd thing about the Surface Duo is that it kind of feels like you could pick it apart with your fingernail. The plastic sides don’t wrap around the inner or outer glass at all, leaving the sides of the glass panels exposed. There’s actually a gap between both panes of glass and the plastic edges, and you can easily stick a piece of paper in there, or even a fingernail. It’s an odd way to make a phone, where normally the glass would be recessed into whatever material the sides were made out of, and any gaps would be impenetrable. If Microsoft had wrapped the plastic edges up around the glass, like normal, the area around the easily-broken USB-C port would be about twice as thick, while the overall phone wouldn’t have been any thicker, which seems like a good idea!  Obviously, after this description, the phone is in no way water-resistant.

In addition to missing wireless charging and water resistance, the Surface Duo also doesn’t have NFC, which is a big omission for a $1400 device. There’s also only a 60Hz display, when most other phones in this price range will offer 90 or 120Hz displays, offering a much smoother interface.

Way too wide

All of Microsoft’s work on thinness was presumably to avoid the brick-like feeling of other foldables, but it feels like it was all in vain. The push for thinness just made the Surface Duo ridiculously large in a different dimension: the width, which is an incredible 93.3mm when folded up. Now our “thinnest smartphone ever” is also the widest smartphone ever. Smartphone screen sizes might get ever-bigger, but this is a diagonal measurement, and the dimension phones have primarily been growing in is the height. Manufacturers have kept a lid on smartphone width, because when a phone gets too wide it becomes unpleasant to use. The last high-profile super-wide Android phone was probably the Nexus 6, and at 83mm wide, it was widely ridiculed for being a pocket-busting monster. Manufacturers have mostly stayed away from anything that wide since.

Even when folded up, the 93.3mm wide Surface Duo is far outside the realm of normal, and it turns out phones are not normally this wide for a reason. The Surface Duo might fit in your pocket, but if it does, you’ll probably walk funny. It is very uncomfortable to haul this thing around in a pocket, where the wide, flat body will stick out way beyond the shape of most people’s leg. It’s such a pain to carry around that I frequently just wanted to leave the Surface Duo at home and bring something else during the review period. And I’ll say again, this is supposed to be a primary phone that you carry with you. Microsoft’s own website says it “designed Surface Duo for people who want to get more done with the device in their pocket.” It apparently did not consider “mobility” when it was drawing up this phone.

If and when you do pry the Surface Duo out of your pocket, I hope you have both hands free because the width makes it more awkward to hold one-handed than other phones. It’s an uncomfortable stretch if you’re just holding it to poke at the screen with your other hand, and you can forget about trying to hold the phone and quickly type something on it with your thumb on the same hand. It’s just way too wide. The Surface Duo is just generally bad at quick, casual interaction.

If the “digital Moleskine” theory is correct and Microsoft wanted to hit the same dimensions as a “Pocket” journal, I don’t think the company realized a paper journal is flexible in your pocket, while a glass smartphone is not. It’s not a big deal if you drop a Moleskine, while a Surface Duo will probably die after a moderate fall. If the journal is half hanging out of your pocket and you sit on it, it just bends, The Surface Duo might snap in half like a cracker. It’s a cute association, but a Moleskine and a smartphone are two totally different things. The form factor of a $14 ream of paper is not necessarily a great guiding light for a $1400 smartphone.

The width is a huge hindrance to the Duo’s usage and comfort, and worst of all, functionally there’s just no point to it. As we’ve said in the Galaxy Fold review, Android doesn’t react well to ultra-wide screens. Most Android phones are tall and skinny, so apps like the Play Store use a layout that sucks up a lot vertical height with things like full-width search bars and two rows of navigational tabs. On the short, fat Surface Duo displays, that doesn’t leave a lot of room for app content, which is almost always a vertical list.

On Android, the user interface scales up and down based on the width of the phone—the developer option for screen size is literally called “smallest width.” So a taller phone will show more app content (hence why modern Android phones are so tall) while a wider screen will just show bigger app content. There’s really no benefit to a wider screen. On many apps, you’ll see more content on a normal phone compared to the Surface Duo display.

The Surface Duo would be a much better device if both halves of the phone were the width of a normal smartphone. It would be easier to pocket, it would be easier to hold, and it would be easier to use one-handed. All the dual-screen stuff would still work, and you would still see just as much app content, if not more, on a pair of skinner displays. I’ve had to argue for preserving the normal Android aspect ratio twice now, in both directions. The Galaxy Fold isn’t wide enough because it’s not the size of two normal Android smartphones next to each other. The Surface Duo is too wide because it’s not the size of two normal Android smartphones next to each other.

Just because Android phones can be nearly any aspect ratio does not mean being different is a good idea. All the apps are designed around a display in the vicinity of 16:9-19:9, and if you want to do split-screen stuff, your display should work out to around two of those next to each other. On a device like the Galaxy Fold, there are some arguments to be made for what the final, big-screen tablet aspect ratio ends up being, but since the Duo is two separate displays, it doesn’t have a viable big screen mode. (You can do it, it’s just bad.) As a device built around dual-app multitasking, the best form factor for the Duo would be two normal-sized displays next to each other. Maybe the Duo needs to be as wide as it is to support bigger batteries in the wafer-thin profile, but the width makes everything worse.

Andromeda: Why the Surface Duo is such a weird Android device

Windows Central has a great history of the Microsoft Surface Duo, which originally started out as a Windows device called “Andromeda.” Even if you didn’t follow the saga of Andromeda, the fact that the Surface Duo was announced alongside an identical-looking, nine-inch Windows device called the “Surface Neo” should clue you into the original plan. This phone was supposed to run Windows.

What became the Duo was originally supposed to be the launch device for Microsoft’s third swing at building a Windows-for-Phones operating system, after Windows Mobile and Windows Phone. Operating system development is always a rocky road, though, and the software team dropped the ball repeatedly during development, missing milestones and deadlines. Microsoft’s management also came to its senses and realized the smartphone app gap would doom yet another Windows smartphone to irrelevance. Eventually, the new Windows smartphone OS was canceled, and the decision was made to ship hardware that was originally designed for Windows with Android instead.

That background explains a lot about the odd quirks of the Surface Duo. The Surface Duo is launching at the end of 2020 with hardware that feels like it’s from 2019 because well, it sounds like this hardware was meant for 2019. To quote the Windows Central report, “While AndromedaOS was no longer happening, the Surface team still had the hardware ready to go, and they still wanted to ship it. At some point in late 2018 or early 2019, the decision was made to turn Andromeda into an Android device.”

Software delays meant the hardware had to be pushed back to the point that it became dated, and I’d guess swapping out the Snapdragon 855 for 2020’s Snapdragon 865 would have been way too much work because they are so different. The Snapdragon 855 is an all-in-one chip, while the 865 is a dual-chip solution thanks to the separate 4G/5G modem. That probably had no chance of fitting on the Surface Duo’s motherboard.

The Windows origins also explain why Microsoft wrote its own UEFI for the Surface Duo. You could easily go with Qualcomm’s UEFI to get Android to boot on a Snapdragon 855, but if you were developing your own Windows OS for the Duo, you would probably want lower-level access and an as-PC-like-as-possible UEFI. Today, Microsoft salvages this work by pitching it as a security advantage, saying, “Microsoft delivers Enterprise-grade security to Surface Duo by writing or reviewing every line of firmware code in house, enabling Microsoft to respond directly and agilely, to potential firmware threats and to mitigate supply chain security risks.”

This also probably explains why the screens are so wide. Like we mentioned earlier, Android doesn’t really make use of wider screens. If you look at Windows 10x though, the OS that has risen from the Andromeda ashes, you’ll see a lot of Microsoft apps with a vertical, expandable navigation strip on the left side of the screen. With a design like this, a wider screen makes sense, since the main navigation UI is taking up some of that width. For Android apps, even Microsoft Android apps, this extra width is just a waste. Other than the Moleskine gimmick, Microsoft doesn’t have a justification for why the Duo looks the way it does other than “We originally designed it for Windows.” Windows devices, it turns out, make for crappy Android devices.

This is also probably why the Surface Duo doesn’t have NFC. On Android, NFC is an obligatory feature for tap-and-go payments using apps like Google Pay, which has been building up bank compatibility since 2011. Even if you aren’t using Google Pay, Android has an open API for NFC and a big ecosystem of other NFC tap-and-pay (and tap-to-do-other-stuff) apps. Windows doesn’t have any kind of NFC ecosystem, so even if our theoretical Windows Surface Duo had NFC hardware, there wouldn’t be any software to use it. As a planned Windows device, the Surface Duo missing NFC was no big deal, but it feels like a big hole once you slap Android on it.

The Software: Windows Incorporated makes an Android build

Microsoft is a company that is so deeply tied to Windows that in 2012 it basically rebranded itself to “Windows Inc.” by adopting the Windows logo as the logo for the entire company. Seeing this Microsoft forced to ship an Android phone really feels like we’re living in bizarro world, and I still can’t get over seeing this Android phone with what I register as “The Windows Logo” on the front. Microsoft really has no other options, though. Windows Phone officially shut down in 2017, and iOS isn’t available to third-parties—it’s Android or nothing. After a three-year slumber, Microsoft is finally back in the mobile game.

When it came time to build the Microsoft Surface Duo, naturally nobody at Microsoft was actually an Android OS developer, so the company ended up outsourcing the Surface Duo OS to a company called Movial. Outsourcing the operating system for your flagship smartphone is a very strange way to manage device development, but that’s what happened. Microsoft eventually ended up acquiring the parts of Movial that were developing its operating system, but it did so at what seemed like the last minute. The Surface Duo was officially announced in October 2019, and obviously, development started way before that. Movial’s developers were only brought in-house in July 2020, just two months before the Surface Duo’s ship date (you can tell!). The Surface Duo’s software is very buggy. We’ll have a whole section on it later.

It might be an old build of Android 10, but Microsoft’s version of Android isn’t far off from Google’s. Any changes are mostly about making the whole dual-screen concept work better, with things like special gestures and home screen shortcuts that open a pair of apps, one on each screen. Recent apps got changed to vertical scrolling instead of horizontal, and that’s about it.

The two screens mostly work like two independent smartphones. You get two gesture navigation areas, and you can swipe up for home, swipe to the side for back, or swipe up and hold for Recent Apps, and these gestures only affect the screen you do it on. Normally in Android (well, as of Android 10),  you can swipe left or right across the gesture navigation bar to move and switch apps. This doesn’t work on the Surface Duo, and instead swiping horizontally across the navigation bar will move the app to the other screen.

When this works, it feels great and is really intuitive, like you’re picking up the app window and flicking it over to the other display. Microsoft made the horizontal movement way too sensitive, though. While swiping up from the bottom for “Home” or “Recent Apps,” the smallest horizontal movement will instead transfer the app to the other screen. I whiff on the basic navigation inputs pretty frequently just because the Surface gestures have a strong bias toward doing the screen switch gesture instead.

There’s a similar problem on Microsoft’s home screen, where a swipe down will trigger an app search, and there is an absolute hair-trigger on this swipe down gesture. If you go to tap on an icon and move your finger what seems like one pixel downward, you will instead trigger app search. I didn’t see a way to turn this off, and it took me a few hours to figure out why sometimes app icons just don’t work and instead trigger app search. You’ll also trigger this sometimes when you want to open the notification panel, which is also a swipe down. With so many gestures that are easy to accidentally trigger, the Surface Duo feels uncontrollable at times or like it has a mind of its own.